Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Primary Education System of Lahore, Pakistan

Background: The pandemic of Covid-19 impeded all socio-economical, pedagogic, and recreational activities. Pakistan is facing an intensified educational crisis due to previous educational differences, so the era of the pandemic has shown difficulties in the educational framework. Aim(s): Awareness among parents and students to combat challenges of pandemic. Method(s): The current study is based on random quantitatively study which gathered data from 300 respondents assembled from different areas of Lahore, Pakistan from June 2020 to July 2021. The responses were collected from students, teachers, and parents that how homeschooling compromises student's physical, psychological, and emotional health. Result(s): About 76% of the students favoured traditional classes over online classes whereas only 20% of the students found the online session interactive. In the other section, only 15.33% of the teachers were satisfied by the online results and they complained about the poor performance and interaction with the students. Overall, 81.67% parents agreed that there is a decline in the physical activity of their children. The results of this study suggested that social distancing and the emerging challenges associated with Covid- 19 have entirely changed the education system that has caused number of problems for children, parents, and teachers in Pakistan. Practical implication: This study highlights pros and cons of online study;such studies give students and teachers a way to prepare for future challenges. Conclusion(s): Considering all outcomes of study, it is highlighted that policy-level interventions were needed, along with well-designed interactive courses. Hence, integrated approaches based on the mental as well as physical capabilities of the students must be executed, and e-tools must also be practiced in traditional classes to fill the gap of homeschooling.Copyright © 2023 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.

Psychological Characteristics of Children and Adolescents Who Have Undergone COVID-19: Possibilities of Correction.

The article is about topical issues of the psychological features of the long-term consequences of post-COVID syndrome in children and adolescents. We have described the most frequent residual manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection alongside with an analysis of the characteristics of the emotional and behavioral health of children and adolescents. The authors of article have analyzed modern approaches and recommendations for changing the lifestyle, psychological support of patients with the elimination of stress factors and body stress resistance increase. Also in article are presented main symptoms and signs associated with emotional and behavioral responses to stress in children and adolescents. The necessity of early detection and psychological correction of the symptoms of post-COVID syndrome and its inherent stress manifestations is substantiated as well as the stress resistance increase using physiological approaches of micronutrient correction with bioorganic magnesium substances.Copyright © 2022, Professionalnye Izdaniya. All rights reserved.

People with metastatic breast cancer face barriers to finding information and support

People with metastatic breast cancer face barriers to finding information and support Background FORCE, a national nonprofit organization developed a health communication tool to help patients assess research relevance, key findings, and the quality of media reporting on cancer to support informed and shared health decision-making. People with metastatic breast cancer (mBC) are a priority population. Methods The organization conducted a survey about awareness of and access to breast cancer information and supportive services for people living with metastatic breast cancer. The organization promoted the survey through e-mail and social media, and a network of partner organizations that serve the metastatic breast cancer community. The survey invited respondents to volunteer to participate in focus groups and a follow-up survey in order to support efforts to serve this priority population. Results and Conclusions While interest in clinical trials was high, many users reported that thy do not know how to find an appropriate clinical trial. A majority of the 335 respondents were interested in information about clinical trials, treatment side effects, research findings, long-term health issues, diet/exercise, fatigue, and emotional health. Three quarters of the respondents indicated that they had never participated in a clinical trial, 67% indicated they would be interested in participating in the future, and about 40% indicated they did not know how to find a clinical trial recruiting people with metastatic breast cancer. Approximately one-third of participants were unable to obtain referrals to services they sought. Other barriers to services included lack of insurance coverage, lack of availability, and the COVID-19 public health emergency. Focus group responses indicate that women with mBC find the health communication tool to be useful, and appropriate in language, images, and tone. Results indicate that women with mBC are interested in finding information about clinical trials and other topics related to treatment side effects and quality of life. FORCE and partners are incorporating these results into tailored online resources to meet the needs of the mBC community.

Effect of COVID-19 on Working Women's Physical and Mental Health: A Descriptive Study of Pre and Post Pandemic Era

Background and Aim: In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized the coronavirus outbreak as a pandemic and a public health emergency of global significance. Recent studies have revealed that these restrictions and women's anxiety of the virus itself may have had an adverse effect on their mental health. Children and family members are spending more time at home;thus, society needs to be conscious of how this is affecting working women's emotional and physical health especially in the absence of any assisting maid. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown affected working women's physical and mental health. Material(s) and Method(s): To examine the effects of COVID-19 on the physical and emotional health of working women, a cross-sectional survey was conducted. Data is collected using an online survey platform. To investigate the impact of lockdown on the women's mental and physical health, a semi-structured questionnaire comprising a number of open-and closed-ended questions was prepared. Additionally, any mental health disorders and emotional difficulties that developed during lockdown or became worse were enlisted. Another goal was to gauge how much family members understood and were sympathetic to the physical and mental strain the working women were under. Result(s): The study involved 200 women from different states of India. The hours spent in the kitchen and other associated activities increased from 1.5 hours to 5.5 hours when the time between before and during the lockdown was compared. The amount of time spent engaging in physical activity, such as yoga and morning and evening walks, significantly decreased during the lockdown are coming to normal after the lockdown. 68 per cent of those surveyed said that women's behaviour had changed. About 58 per cent of the women suffered physical changes such fatigue, headaches, lower back discomfort, and other issues with women's weight gain. Conclusion(s): Additional research is required to better understand the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on women's mental health, particularly in regard to the identification of additional variables that may be connected to the pandemic's potentially multiplicative effects on women.Copyright © 2023, Institute of Medico-legal Publication. All rights reserved.

Being a parent, emotional stability, and adjustment disorder symptoms in the face of COVID-19

Objective: The current study examines the correlation between emotional stability and symptoms related to adjustment to the stresses related to the pandemic for parents and nonparents at the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Israel. Background: At the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak, governments prohibited public gatherings and demanded social distancing. These challenges may be especially difficult for individuals with low levels of emotional stability as adaptation difficulties may lead to stress-related outcomes, such as adjustment disorder symptoms. Additionally, in the face of a significant external threat and the demand for intensive joint familial time at home, the parental role becomes especially salient. Methods: Two hundred forty-four Israeli adults filled in self-reported e-version questionnaires regarding emotional stability, adjustment disorder symptoms, and background variables. A cross-sectional design was used to examine the association between emotional stability and adjustment disorder symptoms, as well as the potential moderation by parenting status. Results: The findings revealed that the levels of emotional stability were negatively correlated with adjustment disorder symptoms, while being a parent mitigated this correlation. This correlation was nonsignificant among parents. Conclusion and Implications: It appears that the identity salience of parental role in the current stressful situation and its associated strain may have overcome the advantage of emotional stability. The identity of being a parent has the potential to dismiss it. Here, the social role emerges as more forcible than the personality trait. Recommendations for practice are discussed. 202305303 (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Support for patients with MBC

Over the last decade we have witnessed rapid advances in the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with seminal discoveries in cancer biology, correlative biomarkers and clinical trials leading to multiple new drug approvals. While these milestones have improved survival, the science of survivorship in this population is just beginning. The diagnosis of MBC is life-changing and requires individualized and multidisciplinary support. The NCI defined the areas of epidemiology and surveillance, symptom management, psychosocial research, health-care delivery, and health behaviors as necessary fields to advance the state of the science in advanced cancer survivors. A multifaceted program addressing these domains is needed to assess MBC patients and their unique and ever-changing needs. With input from patients and providers, program components should include: therapeutic clinical trials, multidisciplinary specialty care, individualized patient navigation, peer support, continuing education, and patient reported outcome (PRO) collection to support patients living with MBC. Input for a program for MBC patients can be guided by a multidisciplinary steering committee in which patient advocates are a major voice. Patients can provide insight into what works for them, and what they are facing may be very different from the experience of an early-stage breast cancer patient. Clinical trials designed to advance the current scientific knowledge of breast cancer treatment are essential to patients living longer, more fulfilled lives with MBC. Clinical trials may include systemic therapy, local therapies such as surgery and radiation for MBC patients, side-effect management and quality of life (may put elsewhere). A comprehensive systemic therapy portfolio should include all biological subtypes as well as recommended treatment options (hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy). Multidisciplinary care is necessary to diagnose and treat any condition the MBC patient may encounter and is essential in providing quality care. Comorbidities and debilitating side effects arising from cancer treatment are known to be associated with inferior outcomes. MBC patients may experience lack of familiarity of some providers with novel MBC cancer treatment, side effects, and interactions of their cancer treatment with non-cancer conditions and treatment. With the increasing life expectancy of MBC patients, it is important to manage the medical comorbidities in coordination with the MBC patient's cancer treatment. Integrative Medicine helps support the quality of life of patients through providing clinical modalities such as stress management, yoga, meditation, acupuncture, massage and lifestyle counseling. Supportive care helps support cancer related fatigue and sleep challanges, geriatrics and hospice and palliative care for advanced cancer patients. The role of navigation for MBC patients is unique and should be designed to support the patient's many individual needs. Navigation requires assessment of individual knowledge deficit, coordination of care challenges, internal resource utilization, cultural requests, and emotional health. Navigation should also address the patient's financial and disability questions, medication assistance, symptom management, advanced care planning and goals of care discussions. Additional items to be discussed during navigation visits include primary care provider utilization, COVID-19 vaccination, illness and medication questions, and other patient questions as they arise. A comprehensive registry of MBC patient's medical records and histories will assist researchers in designing future therapeutic and quality of life clinical trials. The categories of patient demographics, clinical variables, pathological variables, treatment variables, outcomes of MBC, and PROs will create a robust registry. A comprehensive patient registry can create a rich database which can guide and inspire future innovative research. Peer support through support groups and peer-to-peer matching s pivotal to MBC patients finding and utilizing their patient voice, emotionally supporting each other and learning from other's similar experiences. Connection between patients and the creation of a community of survivors can empower patients to positively impact their care through self-advocacy and self-efficacy. Continuing patient education is also essential to providing quality cancer care. The format of a weekly virtual education webinars are helpful in creating an engaged patient community and a platform to disseminate educational resources in a reoccurring digestible format. Frequent educational webinars covering a wide variety of topics can positively influence patient interactions with their healthcare providers and influence how patients living with MBC view their own cancer experience. Educational webinars provide opportunities for patients to connect with subject matter experts, other patients like themselves, and share information with their family and friends. Informed patients can discuss and ask questions more confidently with their health care providers about information and services presented during the educational webinars. The symptom profile of patients living with MBC are impacted by numerous variables such as disease burden, treatment plan, comorbidities, supportive regimen etc. The collection of PROs has been shown to improve patient satisfaction with his/her care, improve quality of life, decrease emergency room visits and hospitalizations, and increased overall survival. The routine measurement and management of MBC patients' symptoms has been found to be integral in providing comprehensive cancer treatment. The collection of PROs improves patient and provider communication and elicits the outcome to symptoms that matter most to each patient. Patients diagnosed with MBC are living longer because of the recent advancements in therapeutic treatments. A multifaceted and comprehensive program consisting of therapeutic clinical trials, multidisciplinary specialty care, individualized patient navigation, peer support, continuing education, and PROs collection is integral to fully support patients living with MBC.

Gratitude Journal as an Instrument to Increase the Level of Gratitude among Adolescent in Ambon during COVID-19

COVID-19, which has plagued the world since 2020, has brought changes in the order of human life globally, and ultimately has an impact on the psychological state of individuals, including teenagers. The aim of this study is to find the differences between students' gratitude score before and after the implementation of writing gratitude journal regularly. Participants on this study was 20 adolescents in Ambon City Maluku Indonesia, consists of 6 boys and 14 girls. The participants age was between 15-16 years old. Quantitative Method with experimental design used in this study. From the results, it was found that the significant value in the table paired samples correlations was 0.418, meaning that there are relationship between the results of the pre-test and post-test because the value was > sig. 0.05. Although the increase in the value of gratitude among adolescents in Ambon is not too large and increases their classification to be included in the criteria for groups that have sufficient gratitude scores, the important thing explained in implementing gratitude education actually lies in its aim to inspire students that it is important to be grateful in all circumstances. and it's not just about saying thank you or showing grateful behavior. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.

Changing consumption behaviour towards immune-boosting food amidst COVID-19 outbreak: tracing the future trajectory

Businesses throughout the world have been affected by the coronavirus outbreak. Across countries and industries, small firms have suffered, and India is no different. While many enterprises were destroyed by the COVID-19 scenario, hundreds of others were able to cope. People are getting increasingly concerned about their physical and emotional health as the coronavirus pandemic spreads around the world. People's perspectives on life and what they value have altered. Consumers have been compelled to alter their routines as a result of the outbreak. People throughout the world are attempting to adapt to a new normal. Immune-Boosting foods have become the talk of the town amidst the pandemic. With this backdrop, the present study aimed to understand the demand for ImmuneBoosting foods and the factors that have contributed to the market for immune-boosting foods. The sample data for this study was collected using the purposive sampling technique. Statistical interventions using multiple linear regression and correlation were conducted to understand the relationship between various factors related to immuneboosting foods. The study revealed that the pandemic had increased the respondents' inclination to purchase Immune-Boosting foods. Further, the inclination towards consumption of immune-boosting foods was influenced by independent variables like familiarity with immune-boosting foods, health consciousness, fear of contracting the disease, family testing COVID-19 positive, immune-boosting foods as a trending topic, Influence of social media, Frequent advertisements and offers, testimonials of others regarding Immune-Boosting foods. From the study, it can be inferred that the COVID-19 pandemic has laid a strong foundation for the future of immune-boosting foods. Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Rynnye Lyan Resources.

Poliomyelitis survivors in the time of a covid-19 pandemic

Introduction: Poliomyelitis is an inflammatory viral disease that causes destruction of motoneurons. Despite being eradicated in Brazil, it left sequelae on survivors, making them need continuous treatments. Considering the sequelae and new symptoms related to Post-Polyomyelitis Syndrome (PPS), these patients may be vulnerable in the Covid-19 Pandemic. Objective(s): To characterize and analyze the prevalence of risk factors for contracting COVID-19 as well as developing its severe form in patients with Sequelae of Poliomyelitis and Post-polio Syndrome. Method(s): An epidemiological study was carried out through an online questionnaire, where epidemiological, physical and psycho-emotional health issues were addressed in the pandemic. Approved by CEP UNIFESP under Ndegree4,087,073. Result(s): 383 responses were obtained in the following groups: Sequelae of Poliomyelitis (GP-49%;n=190) and PPS (GPPS-50.4%;n=193). Female and age 50-59 years were more prevalent. The most common disorders were monoparesis (38.9% GP;21.7% GSPP), followed by paraparesis in GP (18.9%) and tetraparesis in GSPP (16.6%). As for comorbidities, 37.4% of the GP and 37.3% of the GSPP reported Hypercholesterolemia;42.6% (GP) and 47.1% (GSPP) Hypertension and 19.5% (GP) and 14.5% (GSPP) Diabetes. About 29% of the GP were obese against 35.2% (GSPP). In the physical aspects, 57.9% (GP) and 65.8% (GSPP) reported worsening in the quarantine and 19.7% (GSPP). Discussion(s): Patients affected with Poliomyelitis had a proportion of Hypercholesterolemia, Hypertension and Diabetes about twice that of the Brazilian population over 18 years (14.6%;23.9 and 7.7%, respectively) (1). In this sense, research shows an increased risk for severity and death from COVID- 19 in patients with Hypertension (2,3), Diabetes (2,3) and Hypercholesterolemia (2). People with disabilities can be disproportionately impacted by emergencies and the disruption of services can be a contributing factor (4). This impact could be perceived by the reports of worsening in the physical aspect during the quarantine, especially in GPPS who have a higher frequency of tetraparesis, which can difficult to carry out the necessary hygiene measures. Conclusion(s): Poliomyelitis survivors have comorbidities, in addition to limitations and dependence in their activities of daily living that can make them more vulnerable to contagion by COVID-19 as well as making them more susceptible to the severe form of the disease.

Physical and psychological (in)stability in extreme situations: physics models for understanding health stability

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has shown how quickly and drastically everyday life can change in extreme situations. Objective(s): To investigate how external factors can affect human health - mentally and physically - and what indicators herald the proximity to a critical upheaval. Method(s): Using theories from theoretical physics and psychology, researchers from Heidelberg University and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology will observe emotional reaction via an 'infinitesimal stimulus' (f) to an image that gives the 'infinitesimal displacement' (d). While both the stimulus and the reaction are chosen to be small - and hence keep a person well within their emotional stability - the ratio (d/f ) provides us a quantitative measure of the individual's susceptibility i.e. reaction sensitivity. Over a six-month phase, we hope to correlate the individual susceptibility with the person's general emotional state and to define a threshold reaction to indicate a person's proximity to an emotional instability. Semistructured interviews of extreme cases give us further insight into correlations between emotional states and susceptibility. Result(s): If an increased susceptibility in an individual actually precedes a long-term change in mood, then regular susceptibility measurements can be used, for instance, to detect depression at an early stage. We are particularly curious to observe the extent to which models from physics can be applied to society and the individual. Conclusion(s): The final output is to integrate practical implementation aspects into the medical curricula in a transdisciplinary manner. If possible, a formula for understanding health stability should be formulated that would be highly innovative for the medical field.

Relationship between Internet Addiction, Personality Factors, and Emotional Distress among Adolescents in Malaysia.

COVID-19 has significantly affected the mental health of adolescents, thus increasing the emotional distress among them. Studies have reported that heavy Internet use during COVID-19 was linked with poor mental health among adolescents. Additionally, it was found that personality factors are linked with mental health in general. Although past literature has reported the effect of personality factors on mental health, there are limited studies examining the underlying mechanisms among Malaysian adolescents. Therefore, the current study offers an understanding of the intervening role of personality factors in the relationship between Internet addiction and emotional distress among adolescents in Malaysia. This study also aimed to determine the prevalence of Internet addiction and emotional distress (depression, stress, and anxiety) among adolescents in Malaysia. There are a total of 500 participants from 7 secondary schools who range from 13 to 19 years of age. This was a cross-sectional study, and 3 valid questionnaires were used: The Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI). Partial least square structure equation modelling (SmartPLS) was used to analyse the mediation models. The results showed that the prevalence of Internet addiction among adolescents was 29.6% and the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among adolescents were 64.8%, 78%, and 51.4%, respectively. Furthermore, mediation analysis showed only emotional stability mediated the relationship between Internet addiction and emotional distress, but not openness to experience, extraversion, conscientiousness, or agreeableness. It is proposed that mental health providers should focus on providing emotion-related interventions to adolescents confronting COVID-19 challenges, ultimately improving mental health.

A Snapshot of Adverse Childhood Experiences among International Medical Students and Their Impact on Holistic Health during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Aims Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE's) are those potentially traumatic events occurring in an individual between birth and 17 years of age.1 The term was first used in the pioneering study published in 1998, which showed causational relationships between ten adverse childhood experiences and negative health outcomes. Since then, a multitude of further research has been conducted in the field. Scientific curiosity led me to research the link between early trauma and physical, mental, and social health. Having conducted and presented the results of a pilot study (pre-pandemic), my passion grew, leading to an in-depth literature review on the relating factors, mechanism and relationship between ACE's and physical and mental health, followed by an extensive undergraduate study, to ascertain the impact of ACE's on medical students, in particular focusing on emotional health, during this pandemic (2021). Methods A sample of 140 students attending the university of medicine and pharmacy 'Grigore T. Popa' were surveyed, collecting demographic, physical, mental, social, and emotional health data by means of an Google Forms questionnaire (including: the Pittsburgh sleep quality Index,2 and WHO ACE-IQ3). Correlations were made between different variables, such as: gender, nationality, self-rated physical health and 'binary ACE score'. Results 61.4% were female, with participants from across the globe. The average age was 23.13 years. A snapshot of the prevalence of ACE's was obtained, 29.3% had an ACE score of 4 or more. Of the categories of ACE's: a quarter having experienced sexual abuse, witnessing physical violence (without objects) in just under a third (31%), and threats or actual abandonment or exclusion from the house in just under 1 in 5 (19%). While data confirmed the findings of previous studies on the impact of ACE's on physical health, the most notable findings were in relation to emotional health. In the past year, 39.3% reported having felt deep sadness more than three times. 47.1% reported feelings of worthlessness more than three times in the past year. 27.1% reported excessive worry, 15% reported thoughts of self-harm. Positive correlations were observed between ACE score, and feelings of deep sadness, feelings of worthlessness, excessive worry, thoughts of self-harm, and suicidal thoughts (see figure 1). Conclusion These findings underline an important issue, equally affecting the future medical professionals. Findings reflect the generation and the world as a whole, with the compounded impact of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic on mental and emotional health. Results suggest, dealing with the effects of 'post-pandemic' stress and ACE will be an issue requiring particular attention. (Figure Presented).

Positive and negative mood states mediated the effects of psychological resilience on emotional stability among high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study investigated the parallel mediating effects of positive and negative mood states on the relationship between psychological resilience and emotional stability among first- through third-year senior high school students in China during the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. Of 408 questionnaires distributed from April 11 to April 22, 2022, to students at a high school located in Changzhou, Jiangsu, China, 360 were completed correctly and analyzed using a cross-sectional study design. The questionnaire included items from the modified Chinese version of the Psychological Resilience Scale, the Profile of Mood States scale, and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale in Chinese, the latter to assess emotional stability. The mediating effects of mood states on the relationship between psychological resilience and emotional stability were explored by using structural equation modeling and bootstrapping methods. The results indicated that psychological resilience directly affected emotional stability but also indirectly affected emotional stability through the mediating effects of positive and negative mood states. The mediating effect of negative mood states was greater than that of positive mood states. This result differs from that of research conducted prior to the pandemic, which found that compared with the damage caused by negative moods to emotional stability, positive moods more strongly promoted emotional stability. Our findings indicate that high school officials in China should consider strengthening mental health support for students who are taking courses online during home quarantine.

TREE (Talk Read Engage Encourage) Program: Promoting Positive Parent Child Relationships in Low Income Families with Young Children by Pediatric Providers During Well Child Encounters

Background: Children living in poverty may endure Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) that can affect their cognitive and social-emotional development. Safe and nurturing caregiverchild relationships mitigate many of the deleterious effects of ACEs. Child development research suggests that talking, reading, and playing with young children living in poverty improves their developmental outcomes. Developmental coaching, unlike traditional anticipatory guidance, is an interactive format engaging caregivers through self-reflection, encouraging parents to attempt novel interaction approaches, and strengthening parent self- confidence through positive feedback. This study examined the efficacy of the Grow Your Kids: TREE (Talk Read Engage Encourage) program, an interactive developmental coaching program promoting positive caregiver-child interactions during well-child encounters (ages 0-2) with lowincome families. The TREE program was developed by the Emotional Health Committee of the Maryland Chapter American Academy of Pediatrics. (https://www.mdaap.org/tree/) Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental design in two pediatric training programs in an eastern mid-sized city (residents: intervention n=24, control n=42). A convenience sample (n = 167 families) was recruited (79 intervention;88 control). Data collection included parent STIMQ2 pre/post (4-6 and 9-15 months of age) and pediatric resident report of training impact. The StimQ2 is a structured validated parent measure designed to assess caregiver-child interactions at home. Results: Recruited children were 3-10 months old (both sites), predominantly Black (76% intervention;77% control), and on Medicaid (81% intervention;78% control). Due to COVID-19, follow-up data was obtained from 45% of families (38 intervention;38 control). A significance level of p < .10 was used due to the small sample size. Analyses demonstrated differences in the STIMQ2 total (d = .43;95% CI, -.04 to .89;p = .07) and Parent Verbal Responsivity scales (d = .68;95% CI, .17 to 1.18;p = .009). There was also a significant change over time in the intervention group for reading quality subdimension (d= -.34, 95% CI, -.7 to .03, p=.07), whereas the control group's reading quality decreased. Intervention residents demonstrated significantly greater change in talking to, reading to, and being positive and encouraging with infants and toddlers as well as confidence in fostering interactions, conveying child development, and providing feedback (all p-values = .005 to .09). Conclusion: The TREE program is a feasible, brief, inexpensive, easily replicated and learned, universal developmental coaching intervention delivered by pediatric primary care providers during well child encounters that enhances caregiver-child interactions among low-income families. The study demonstrated increased overall parent-reported caregiver-child interactions, including verbal responsivity and reading behaviors and had a significant effect on pediatric residents' perceptions of their competency in promoting positive caregiver-child interactions. Antagonists' Skin Tones are Darker than Protagonist' Skin Tones in Animated Films. Average weighted grayscale values of protagonist and antagonist skin tones were plotted and arranged into a box and whisker plot. The median grayscale value of antagonists (106.7) was lower than that of protagonists (134.9), indicating that antagonists overall were darker than protagonists. This difference was significant (p<.001). Average grayscale values of protagonist and antagonist skin tones in 91 films were plotted against the year of production. Trend lines and confidence bands were superimposed on these data points. In recent years, the skin tones of both protagonists and antagonists have changed to include darker shades. However, differences between protagonist and antagonist skin tones have remained constant over time, with protagonists consistently having lighter skin tones compared to antagonists.

PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY ESSAYS IDENTIFY CHALLENGES FOR ENTERING MEDICAL STUDENTS

BACKGROUND: Professional identity formation (PIF) is a critical part of medical education. PIF among medical students has been shown to vary as measured by the Professional Identity Essay (PIE), an assessment based on Kegan's theory of adult development and Bebeau's developmental model of professional identity. The PIE consists of written responses to nine prompts designed to elicit what students understand to be expectations from themselves, the profession, and society, as well as potential challenges in meeting these expectations. We sought to identify what themes arise for incoming medical students considering how to develop a strong professional identity. METHODS: Students at NYU complete the PIE as part of an ongoing professionalism curriculum. We examined the PIEs of 93 students entering NYU Grossman SOM in 2019, all who consented to using educational data as part of a medical education registry. Two independent readers conducted a thematic analysis of these PIEs. RESULTS: Six overarching domains were identified: “Challenges/Conflicts,” “Current and Future Personal Skills and Resources,” “Professional Norms/ Values/Ideals,” “Sources of Information About Ideal Physician,” “Emotions Expressed,” and “Emotional Tone.” Mental health is commonly expressed as an anticipated challenge. Students aspire to build resilience, yet they enter medical school with little experience of failure: “In high school/college (and especially as a premed), failure was essentially not an option.” Students rarely identify their colleagues as a source of advice and support. While students recognize the importance of self-care, there is less certainty around incorporating it into a busy schedule: “It has often been an issue for me to forego my physical and emotional health in the pursuit of my goals and responsibilities.” In addition, this fear of failure is most often associated with the challenge of a global “loss of trust” in medicine. Students fear that making a mistake will lead to an overall loss of trust in physicians, causing further mental health challenges and consequences for their career such as derailment, termination, or criminal or civil litigation. CONCLUSIONS: Given that mental health issues have been exacerbated since 2019 by the COVID-19 pandemic, educators must be aware of and address the conflict between demanding medical school expectations and the individual expectation that students maintain their mental health through selfcare. Further, students often enter medical school with a strong reliance on their individual competency. Thus, the pandemic may also represent an opportunity for medical schools to emphasize the importance of teamwork, the need for system improvements, and leadership capacity among physicians. Medical educators should actively build peer support and community to cultivate resilient physicians.

REPERCUSSIONS OF HOME QUARANTINED TOWARDS CHILDREN’S SOCIAL AND MENTAL HEALTH AMIDST COVID-19: A NARRATIVE REVIEW WITH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INTERVENTIONS FROM ISLAMIC APPROACH

SARS-CoV-2, the newly identified coronavirus causing human infections, has spread rapidly across the globe as of late December 2019. This pandemic outbreak caused the death of over 50,000 people in a short span of time, and the worldwide health systems were significantly challenged. From a health standpoint, studies show that Covid-19 mostly affects older age groups, whereas children are generally more resilient and less affected than adults. As Covid-19 cases soared in Malaysia, authorities in Malaysia imposed containment measures or Movement Control Orders (MCO) in March 2020. As part of the effort to prevent the spread of the virus, the Malaysian Ministry of Education has also closed all schools nationwide. Researchers realized that such quarantine could adversely affect children who were being quarantined throughout the outbreak. This study is conducted in order to examine the repercussions of the prevalence of emotional, mental health, and social problems among children who have been quarantined in the home. In addition, appropriate mechanisms and interventions are considered to deal with these issues. This research is qualitative in nature. The relevant priory articles, guidelines, and informative official websites related to children's mental-health issues with the COVID-19 pandemic were also narratively reviewed and thematically organized. A systematic search was also conducted in various text documents, including primary sources of Islamic guidelines and principles for children's mental and emotional health, using content analysis to analyse the data. It is further recommended that a comprehensive approach be taken in dealing with the mental, social, and emotional health of children who were affected by this pandemic. To achieve this holistic approach, the proposed constructive plan and intervention must be formulated with due consideration for an Islamic point of view. In response to the current pandemic, it is hoped that a comprehensive and integrated approach to intervention would serve as an effective measure to ensure children's mental health throughout and after the pandemic.

sars-cov-2 disease in the pediatric patient

covid-19 is a recent-onset disease that has catastrophically affected a large part of the world population. Cases in children represent a small percentage of the global one. The course of the disease in them is generally mild unlike in adults, except for those children who present some comorbidity;although cases of severe form of multisystemic inflammatory syndrome have been reported. Diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical manifestations, radiological features and detection of the agent by polymerase chain reaction of a pharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swab sample. Management is symptomatic and supportive. Although the preventive measures that have been implemented have been useful to curb transmission, they also have repercussions on the psycho-emotional health of children.

SCREENING AND PREVENTION OF JOB BURNOUT IN THE COVID ERA: AN ITALIAN EXPERIENCE

Introduction the risk of healthcare workers (HCWs) burnout is affected by individual and organizational factors and has been dramatically increased by the COVID-19 pandemic. Since 2007 the Oncology Department of the Udine University-Hospital has cooperated with a network of psychologists to explore the organizational climate and prevent work-related stress. The last survey was conducted from april to june 2021. Methods the items included were: job burnout, emotional intelligence, quality of communication among HCWs, ethical dimension, leadership, relationship with cancer and death. Anonymous questionnaires were administered to 94 HCWs: medical oncology consultants and trainees, nurses, HC assistants, psychologists and administrative staff. Professional category, age and length of service were the variables considered. Results despite the work overload observed in 2021, our group remained solid as critical situations were contained. Emotional health in the end-of-life setting was nurtured to prevent HCWs distress. Job burnout remains a critical issue, also due to a growing administrative burden, tensions experienced by HCWs and the absence of caregivers in the oncologic ward. To limit job burnout, it may be crucial to train HCWs in communication, doctor-patient relationship skills and team-building activities. Conclusions preventing job burnout with targeted interventions to promote teamhealth is crucial, especially during the pandemic.

Fear of COVID-19 and employee engagement: does emotional stability matter?

Purpose Fear of COVID-19 is a new workplace hazard that has made drastic changes at workplaces globally. Based on the conservation of resource (COR) theory, this research investigates the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and employee engagement. Furthermore, this study examines the moderating role of emotional stability in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and employee engagement. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using self-administrated questionnaires from bank employees located in different cities of Pakistan. PROCESS macro by Hayes et al. (2017) was used to analyze 267 valid responses. Findings Consistent with the hypotheses of this study, fear of COVID-19 was negatively associated with employee engagement. In addition, the moderating role of emotional stability was confirmed in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and employee engagement. The findings of this study support the notion that fear of COVID-19 can be considered a workplace stressor that affects employee engagement. By contrast, emotional stability acts as a personal resource with a buffering effect. Research limitations/implications This study investigates only the moderating mechanism in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and work engagement. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect the data. For future studies, other sources can be used to reflect the actual situation. Originality/value This study is currently relevant because of the sudden occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic that has mentally and emotionally challenged the service employees. Unlike most prior studies, which investigated the impact of fear of COVID-19 on the health sector professionals, this study investigated the impact on the bank employees. Moreover, this study is among the first to provide insights on the role of employee's personality to maintain positive work attitudes during uncertain circumstances from COVID-19.